Professional Responsibility

Lawyer as a Witness

Rule 3.7

1. A lawyer shall not act as advocate at a trial in which the lawyer is likely to be a necessary witness unless:
   1. the testimony relates to an uncontested issue;
   2. the testimony relates to the nature and value of legal services rendered in the case; or
   3. disqualification of the lawyer would work substantial hardship on the client.
2. A lawyer may act as advocate in a trial in which another lawyer in the lawyer's firm is likely to be called as a witness unless precluded from doing so by Rule 1.7 or Rule 1.9.